Stomatitis
Stomatitis is an
inflammation of the mucous lining of the mouth, which may involve the cheeks,
gums, tongue, lips, and roof or floor of the mouth. Stomatitis is an
inflammation of the mouth's mucous lining, which can affect the lips, tongue,
cheeks, gums, and floor or roof of the mouth. The word “stomatitis” literally
means inflammation of the mouth.
Stomatitis is an
inflammation of the lining of any of the soft-tissue structures of the mouth. It
is usually a painful condition, associated with redness, swelling, and
occasional bleeding from the affected area. The inflammation may be caused by
conditions in the mouth itself, such as poor hygiene, from burns, hot food or
drinks, or by conditions that affect the entire body, such as medications,
allergic reactions, or infections.
Types of Stomatitis
The following are
some of the types of Stomatitis
·
Aphthous stomatitis
·
Angular stomatitis
·
Nutritional deficiency stomatitis
·
Denture-related stomatitis
·
Allergic stomatitis
·
Geography stomatitis
Aphthous stomatitis (Canker Sores)
Aphthous stomatitis
(canker sores) is the recurrent appearance of mouth ulcers in otherwise healthy
individuals. Aphthous Stomatitis is a single light or yellow ulcer with a
red outer ring or a cluster of similar ulcers in the mouth, typically on the
cheeks, tongue, or inside the lip. One
of the most widespread conditions affecting the oral mucosa is aphthous
stomatitis, which is estimated to affect roughly 20% of the general population.
See also thyroid Disorder hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism.
Cause of
Aphthous Stomatitis
The cause is not
completely understood, but it is thought that the condition represents a T cell
mediated immune response which is triggered by a variety of factors. These
factors include specific drugs, oral injuries, stress, bacterial or viral
infections, poor nutrition, lack of sleep, abrupt weight loss, and specific
foods including potatoes, citrus fruits, coffee, chocolate, cheese, and nuts.
A temporary
immune system impairment brought on by a cold or the flu, hormonal changes, or
low vitamin B12 or folate levels are other possible causes of canker sores. A
canker sore can develop even from biting the inside of the cheek or from
chewing a pointy piece of food.
The individual
ulcers (aphthae) recur periodically and heal completely, although in the more
severe forms new ulcers may appear in other parts of the mouth before the old
ones have finished healing.
Treatment of Aphthous Stomatitis
Treatment for
canker sores is to reduce pain and prevent infection. Followings are some of
the common methods used for Aphthous stomatitis
·
Drink plenty of water.
·
Use salt water to rinse.
·
Maintain good dental hygiene.
·
Apply a topical anaesthetic to the ulcer,
such as lidocaine or xylocaine (not recommended for children under 6).
·
Use a topical corticosteroid product to
treat a sore inside the lip and on the gums, such as triamcinolone dental
paste.
·
Lidex gel Aphthasol, a paste that reduces
inflammation.
·
The mouthwash Peridex
Canker sores may
be a sign of a folate or vitamin B12 deficiency if they seem to occur
frequently. The best way to treat canker sores is with anti-inflammatory
medications like corticosteroids, which include prednisone. These medications
will lessen the inflammation and discomfort. After the sore has been present
for three to four days, they are also useful for treating cold sores since only
the inflammation is left after the virus has vanished. Not everyone can use
some anti-inflammatory medications. For instance, if prednisone is administered
to diabetics, their blood sugar levels will increase. Before beginning a new
drug, discuss any medical issues you may have with your doctor.
Angular Stomatitis
Inflammation of the
corners (angles) of the lips is termed angular stomatitis or angular cheilitis.A
common inflammatory skin disorder is angular cheilitis. It results in inflamed,
cracking sores on one or both corners of your mouth. Although uncomfortable,
angular cheilitis often doesn't get worse. Other names for angular cheilitis
include perleche and angular stomatitis.
Causes of Angular Stomatitis
Repeated lip-licking is a common cause in kids, and it may also
be an indication of iron deficiency anemia or vitamin B deficiencies (such as
B2-riboflavin, B9-folate, or B12-cobalamin, which can also be a sign of poor
diet or malnutrition like celiac disease).
Additionally, edentulousness or tooth wear can lead a patient's
jaws to 'overclose' at rest, causing the jaws to come to rest closer together
than if the complete/unaffected dentition were present. This can result in
angular cheilitis. Saliva keeps the skin folds surrounding the mouth's angle
wet, which in turn encourages infection, mostly by Candida albicans or closely
related species.
Treatment of Angular Stomatitis
Topical nystatin or other antifungal
medications are typically used as part of the treatment. Dental therapy (such
as dentures or occlusal modification) can also be used to alter the jaw
relationship.
·
Topical
Nystatin
·
Antifungal
Medication
·
Dental
therapy
Denture Related Stomatitis
This is a frequent problem that affects people who wear dentures. Under
the denture, it presents as reddish yet painless mucosa. The most prevalent
kind of oral candidiasis is linked with Candida species in 90% of cases.
Antifungal medications and better oral hygiene practices, such as avoiding sleeping
with the denture in place, are used as treatments.
Cause of Denture Related Stomatitis
As obvious by its name, it is cause by dentures who wear it. it is
present under the denture as reddish mucosa.
Candida Species is responsible for it.
Treatment of Denture related Stomatitis
Following are some method used for the treatment f denture related
stomatitis
·
Anti-fungal
medication
·
Better oral Hygiene
·
Avoid sleeping
with the denture
Allergic Stomatitis
When allergens enter the skin or mucosa, allergic contact
stomatitis, also known as "allergic gingivostomatitis" or
"allergic contact gingivostomatitis", a type IV (delayed)
hypersensitivity reaction, develops in sensitive atopic individuals.
Allergic contact stomatitis presents as non-specific
inflammation, leading to the possibility of confusion with persistent physical
irritability. Mouth ulceration, burning, or discomfort are possible symptoms. A
lichenoid lesion may develop as a result of repeated contact to the allergen.
Glossitis and cheilitis may sometimes coexist with plasma cell gingivitis,
which can also happen on its own.
Causes of Allergic Stomatitis
Following are some allergen which may causes this type of stomatitis.
Cinnamaldehyde,
Balsam of Peru, peppermint, mercury, gold, pyrophosphates, zinc citrate, free
acrylic monomer, nickel, fluoride, and sodium lauryl sulphate are some of the
allergens that may induce allergic contact stomatitis in some people. Numerous
foods and beverages, chewing gum, toothpaste, mouthwash, dental floss, dental
fillings, dentures, orthodontic bands or wires, as well as other items and
processes may include these allergens. Both allergic contact cheilitis and
allergic contact stomatitis may develop if the allergen-containing material
comes into touch with the lips.
Treatment of
Allergic Stomatitis.
The diagnosis is verified by a patch test, and the allergen
exposure must be avoided for therapy.
Geographic stomatitis
Geographic tongue, a disorder
that often manifests on the tongue, is an unusual manifestation of migratory
stomatitis (also known as Migratory
Stomatitis). Geographic tongue gets its name from the atrophic,
erythematous depapillation patches that move over time and resemble maps.
Other mucosal areas in the mouth, often in addition to the
tongue, may also experience the same lesions in migrating stomatitis, including
the buccal mucosa, labial mucosa, soft palate, and the floor of the mouth.
Geographic tongue is identical to migratory stomatitis in every way except that
it does not just affect the tongue. "Stomatitis areata migrans" is
another word for geographic tongue that uses the term stomatitis.
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