Microbiology

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Microbiology





Overview of Microbiology

This course of microbiology is of 3 credit hours. It is intended to provide students with understanding of the fundamental ideas and scientific principles of microbiology. It makes it easier for students to understand how to apply microbiology concepts in a hospital or community setting.
 

Goals of the course:

This course consist of the following main objectives.
1. Explain the necessity of the knowledge of Microbiology needed when providing nursing care to the clients.
2. Use basic principles of Microbiology in nursing practice, in a hospital and community environment.
3. Demonstrate the skills learnt in the laboratory to carryout simple laboratory experiments.
 
 

Teaching/Learning Strategies:

There are different methods and strategies with which you can teach and learn these topics. Some of which are; Lecture, discussion, mall group projects, group discussion, presentation, self study, laboratory work and demonstration, Pre/Post tests.

 

Evaluation Criteria:

According to the new evaluation criteria, 30% marks will be internal and 70% will be of KMU or other university.
  • Test (s) 40%
  • Lab Assessment 15%
  • Assignment 15%
  • Final Exam 30%
  • Total 100%
 
 
 

Total Summary of this Article

            

Unit No

Topics

        1.    

Introduction of Microbiology

Theories of Life, Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells

        2.    

Control of Microorganisms

Simple and Gram staining of Bacteria

Microbial Genetics

Method

Control of microorganisms by physical Agents

Gram Staining

Control of microorganisms by Chemical

method

Antimicrobial agents in therapy

Antibiotic sensitivity

        3.    

Defence mechanisms of the body

First line of defence

Second and third line of defence

Effect of on microbial PH growth.

Active and passive immunity

        4.    

Concept Of Asepsis: Medical & Surgical Asepsis

 

        5.    

Concept of Isolation

 

        6.    

Human and microbial interaction

 

        7.     

Microbiology in Everyday Life

 


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Unit 1: Introduction to Microbiology Download

In this unit you will be introduced to Microbiology and its importance in nursing practice you will also be introduced with microbes and their types.
At the completion of this unit you will be able to:
Define microbiology.
Explain the importance of microbiology in nursing practice
List the contribution of the following scientists in the field of microbiology.
A. V. Leeunvenhork
F. Redi           
L.. Pasteur
R. Koch
Distinguish between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell.
List some basic properties of virus
List basic nutritional requirements of microorganisms
Classify bacteria on the bases of their nutritional requirement and morphology


Download

Unit 2: Control of Microorganisms Download

In this unit you will explore different physical and chemical methods to control the microbial growth. They will also discuss some therapeutic uses of chemicals.
At the completion of this unit you will be able to:
·       Explain importance of the control of microbial growth.
·       Describe some physical and chemical methods to control microbial growth.
·       Define the terms i.e. sterilization, antiseptic, asepsis, aseptic, macrobiotic, microbiacidal, antibiotic etc.
·       Differentiate between broad spectrum and narrow spectrum antibiotics.
 


Unit 3: Defense Mechanisms of the Body Download pdf


This unit focuses on the resistance of the body which microorganism’s encounter where they enter in the human body. This unit highlights the importance of the resistance or defense of the body which will help you in understanding that why infection occurs some times and not always.
At the completion of this unit you will be able to:
·       Explain the role of good health in protection against the microbial infection.
·       Define resistance and susceptibility.
·       Define nonspecific resistance.
·       Describe the role of the skin and mucous membrane in non specific resistance.
·       Explain the process of phagocytosis.
·       Define the specific resistance, innate resistance and immunity.
·       Explain four types of acquired immunity.
·       Differentiate between humoral and cell mediated immunity.
·       Define antigens and antibodies.
·       List the five classes of antibodies and their functions.
·       Explain the role of memory, tolerance and specificity in immunity.
·       Distinguish between primary and secondary immune response.
·       Define Hypersensitivity.
·       Differentiate between delayed and immediate Hypersensitivity.



 

Unit IV: Concept of Asepsis: Medical & Surgical Asepsis (Download)

At the end of the session you will be able to:
·       Identify the six components of chain of infection.
·       Explain examples of ways that infection may occur
·       Describe factors that increase the risk of infection in various settings.
·       Discuss the role of health care personnel and health in infection control.
 



 

UNIT V: Concept of Isolation Download

At the end of this unit, you will be able to:
·       Define Isolation.
·       Identify types of Isolation.
·       Relate isolation to the chain of infection cycle.
·       Identify nursing responsibilities in each type of isolation.



 

Unit VI: Human and Microbial Interaction Download 

In this unit you will learn about the beneficial and harmful role of microorganisms. They will also learn about some diseases caused by these microorganisms.
At the completion of this unit you will be able to:
·       Define normal flora of the body.
·       Differentiate between resident and transient normal flora.
·       List at least three beneficial role of normal flora.
·       Define nosocomial infections.
·       List at least three measures to control nosocomial infections.
·       Describe some pathogenic microbes and diseases i.e. tetanus, typhoid, cholera, diphtheria, tuberculosis, pertusis, mumps, measles, polio, influenza ascariasis, teaniasis and dermatomycosis.



 

Unit VII: Microbiology in Every Day Life Download

In this unit you will study about how microorganisms affect our environment i.e. air water, food.
At the completion of this unit you will be able to:
·       Describe how microorganisms affects environment i.e. air, water and food.
·       List some safety measures to control water and food borne diseases.
·       Differentiate between food infection and food poisoning.
 



    Some Extra units are the followings. 

        Viral Disease: Mumps, Measles, Influenza, Polio




    Download




    Tubercolosis



        Download



Cholera, Deptheria, Pertusis and Tetanus



        Download


        Download


        Download 


        Download



        Download

List of Laboratory work in Microbiology

Here are some of the lab work which will you do while studying microbiology in nursing.
1. Lab safety procedure
2. How to use microscope
3. Culture media
4. Staining of bacteria
 

References:

1. Atlas, M, R. (1989). Microbiology. New York: McMillan Publishing.
2. Bocock, J. E. (1972). Microbiology for Nurses. London: Bailliere Tindall.
3. Colee, J. G. (1981). Applied Medical Microbiology. New York: Blackwell Scientific.
4. Gladwin, M. (1997). Clinical Microbiology made ridiculously simple. Singapore: Med Master.
5. Gupte, S. (1990). Practice Microbiology. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical.
6. Hare, R. (1980). Bacteriology and Immunity for Nurses. London: Longman Group.
7. Inglis, J. J. T. (1996). Microbiology and Infection. New York: Churchill Livingstone.
8. Jawetz, R. (1992). Medical Microbiology. London: Appleton and Lange.
9. Parker, M. J. (1978). Microbiology for Nurses. London: Bailliere Tindall.
10. Stucke, A. V. (1993). Microbiology for Nurses. London: Bailliere Tindal.
11. Tortora, J. G., & Funke, R. B. (1995). Microbiology an Introduction. New York: The Benjamin / Cumming.

12. Volk, A. W. (1991). Essentials of Medical Microbiology. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott.