Culture, Health and Society
CHS Overview:
This course is of 2 credit hours. It introduces you to human interaction and
its impact on individual and group behavior. It also introduces you to the
field of socio-cultural anthropology. It focuses on the exploration of values,
beliefs and practices related to health and illness in general and among
specific groups of people in Pakistan. The focus is on analysis of the
interrelatedness of culture, society and health care delivery in Pakistan. The
course promotes the exploration of trans-cultural nursing concepts, which will
be promoted in the clinical setting.
Course Objectives:
By the end of this course you will be able to learn the followings.
- Identify the units of social structure and their function.
- Describe the structure and patterns of groups.
- Discuss the role of members of a society.
- Explain the social development of Pakistan.
- Explore the relationship between culture, society and health
- Analyze health-related knowledge, beliefs, attitudes and practices of various socio- cultural groups in Pakistan
- Appreciate the role of society and culture in recognizing health system utilization
- Discuss the application of trans-cultural nursing concepts when providing nursing care to clients.
- Discuss relevant social issues and suggest methods to facilitate change where necessary
Teaching/Learning Strategies:
Lectures, group discussions, self-directed learning activities, small group
activity, book presentations, role-play and paper writing.
Evaluation Criteria:
- Group Presentation on Pakistani Culture of a particular province including Health beliefs and practices (Home Remedies) 30 %
- Paper on Current Issue 30 %
- Final Exam 40 %
UNIT OBJECTIVES:
Unit I: Introduction to Socio Cultural and Anthropological Concepts (Download)
At the end of this unit you will be able to learn these objectives.
- Discuss Sociology as a science, its knowledge and methods.
- Discuss the importance of socio cultural anthropology and its relation to health
- Explain the concept of culture
- Explain the concept of society at micro and macro levels
Unit II: Social Institutions and Groups/ Socialization (Download)
At the end of this unit you will be
- Delineate the difference among Social Institutions e.g.
- Family-types function, marriage, caste, family relationship, divorce etc.;
- Religious – beliefs, superstitious etc;
- Political system - autocratic, democratic, dictatorship;
- Legal system: Recreation, Educational system.
- Describe Group: In-group, Out-group, primary group, and secondary group.
- Reference group, caste, ethnic group, pressure group, vested interest group etc.
Unit III: Culture and Health Behaviour/Socialization (Download)
At the end of this unit you will be
- Explain the effects of culture on illness, cultural shock, and maladjustment.
- Describe Sickness and sick role, Birth and Death.
- Discuss the Cultural variations in symptoms. How do the sick behave?
- Review the concept of Compliance in different cultures
- Describe the Food taboos in different cultures.
- Define Behavior in-groups: status, deviance, alienation, and socialization.
Unit IV: Pakistani Society/Pakistan A Cultural Perspective/Briefing on Group (Download)
At the end of this unit you will be able to learn these objectives.
- Discuss the origin and development of Pakistani Society.
- Describe the structural changes taking place.
- Discuss the characteristics of Primary units of social life in Pakistan.
- Explain the Social norms and mores.
- Describe the Culture in Pakistan.
- Traits, norms, mores, and folkways of the following regions of Pakistan.
- Northern areas.
- KPK
- Punjab
- Sindh
- Balochistan
Unit V: Concepts and Perceptions of Health, Illness, and Disease/Healing System (Download)
At the end of this unit you will be able to learn the followings.
- Describe the concepts of health, illness and disease
- Discuss perceptions of health and illness in different societies and cultures
- Discuss health and disease as a product of social behaviour
- Differentiate between the different healing systems and practitioners
- Describe basic principles of Eastern and Western medicine
- Identify issues of integration of traditional healing practices and modern medicine
Unit VI: Population and Demography (Download)
At the end of this unit you will be
- Describe the Demography - study the population of Pakistan.
- Discuss the Population pyramid
- Analyze the phenomena of Urbanization and migration.
Unit VII: Trans Cultural Nursing Concepts and Assessment (Download)
At the end of this unit you will be
- Describe concept of trans-cultural nursing
- Explain key concepts related to trans-cultural nursing
- Identify the components of cultural assessment
- Integrate concepts of trans-cultural nursing care throughout the life span
- Identify nursing frameworks and theories applicable to trans- cultural nursing
- Examine culturally related issues across the life span
- Explore the role of family and cultural practices related to the developmental stages.
Unit VIII: Special Issues in the Delivery of Trans Cultural Nursing Care (Download)
At the end of this unit you will be
1. Assess cultural specific aspects of pain experience
o Discuss various treatments for pain (home remedies)
2. Explore dietary beliefs and practices of clients from different cultures
o Identify strategies to facilitate dietary change
3. Demonstrate an understanding of health maintenance and disease prevention models
o Utilize health belief model in client care
o Identify reasons for non adherence to treatment
o Explore religious beliefs and practices related to prevention and healing in illness
4. Demonstrate an understanding regarding attitudes of society towards stigmatized diseases
o Discuss societal knowledge regarding infectious diseases
o Discuss societal attitudes towards infectious diseases
o Share ways of enhancing acceptance of individuals with stigmatized diseases
5. Describe spirituality and its relationship with health and illness
o Differentiate between healing and cure
o Identify different methods of spiritual healing
Unit IX: Societal Perceptions towards Gender/Domestic Violence (Download)
At the end of this unit you will be
- Describe gender as a sociological construct
- Analyze personal and cultural perceptions towards gender
- Discuss societal perceptions and status regarding men and women
- Discuss the role and status of women in Pakistani society
- Evaluate societal attitudes towards factors enhancing women’s status
Unit X: Human Rights (Download)
At the end of the unit you will be
- Recognize basic human rights
- Define human rights
- Appreciate the importance of human rights
- Conceptualize a rights based approach to health
- Identify nurses role in client centered health care approach
- Discuss the concept of poverty
- Describe poverty and related theories
- Discuss poverty distribution
- Identify the impact of poverty in Pakistani society
- Explore the relationship between poverty and health.
Unit XI: Migrating Families and Health (Download)
At the end of the unit you will be
- Describe cultural change and process of change
- Determine factors influencing immigration and emigration (in society)
- Analyze stages of cultural shock
- Discuss challenges of immigrant populations
- Discuss current world affairs and their influence on human rights and health in particular
- Discuss the local health system frameworks and its efficiency in meeting the needs of the population
Unit XII: Social Issue after Disasters (Download)
At the end of the unit you will be
- Discuss the general impact of disasters
- Analysis psychological and social implication of disasters
References:
1. Acello, B. (2001). Controlling pain: Breaking down cultural barriers. Nursing, 31 (2), 26.
2. Ameling, A. (2000). Prayer: An ancient health practice becomes new again. Holistic Nurse Practitioner, 14(3), 40-48.
3. Andrews, M. M. (1999). Transcultural concepts in nursing care (2nd ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott.
4. Broad, L. M., & Allison, D. M. (2002). Nurse practitioners and traditional healers: An alliance of mutual respect in the art and science of health practices. Holistic Nurse Practitioners, 16(12), 50-57.
5. Chatarjee, M. (2004). Feminism & women’s human rights. Jaipur: Avaiskkar Publisher.
6. Chaudhry, M. I. (2004). General sociology. Lahore: Aziz Publisher.
7. Farooq, Z. S. A. (2005). The art of sociological. London: Mc-Graw Hill.
8. Hughes, M. (2002). Sociology the core. New York: McGraw Hill.
9. Horton, P. B., & Hunt. C. L. (1984). Sociology. (6th ed.). New York: McGraw- Hill.
10. Leininger, M. (1984). Transcultural Nursing: An overview. Nursing Outlook, 32 (2), 72-73.
11. Magill, F. N. (2003). International encyclopedia of sociology. New Dehli: Bhavan Books.
12. McGee, P. (2000). Health, illness and culture. Nursing Standard, 14 (45), 33-34.
13. Merrell, J. (2001). Social support for victims of domestic violence. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing, 39(11), 30-35.
14. Miller, M. A. (1995). Culture, spirituality and women’s health. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecological Neonatal Nursing, 24 (3), 257-263.
15. Montbriand, M. M. (2000). Alternative therapies: Health professionals’ attitudes. Canadian Nurse, March 22-26.
16. Narayanasamy, A. (2003). Transcultural nursing: How do nurses respond to cultural needs? British Journal of Nursing, 12 (3), 185-194.
17. Perry, P. (2006). Contemporary society: An introduction to society. New Delhi: Academic Publishers.
18. Pfeffer, N. (1998). Theories of race, ethnicity and culture. British Medical Journal, 317 (14), 1381-1384.
19. Prasad, B. K. (2004). Ngo's and development. New Delhi: Anmol Publications.
20. Zoucha, R. (2000). Understanding the significance of culture in nursing. American Journal of Nursing, 100 (2), 124GG-124JJ.
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